# Math Object

The `Math` object allows you to perform mathematical tasks on numbers. Unlike other global objects, `Math` is not a constructor. All properties and methods of `Math` are static.

## 1. Constants (Properties)

JavaScript provides 8 mathematical constants that can be accessed as properties of Math.

```javascript
console.log(Math.PI); // 3.141592653589793
console.log(Math.E);  // 2.718281828459045 (Euler's number)
console.log(Math.SQRT2); // 1.4142135623730951 (Square root of 2)
```

## 2. Rounding Methods

There are four common methods to round a number to an integer:

*   **`Math.round(x)`:** Returns `x` rounded to its nearest integer.
*   **`Math.ceil(x)`:** Returns `x` rounded **up** to its nearest integer.
*   **`Math.floor(x)`:** Returns `x` rounded **down** to its nearest integer.
*   **`Math.trunc(x)`:** Returns the integer part of `x` (removes decimals).

```javascript
Math.round(4.6); // 5
Math.round(4.4); // 4

Math.ceil(4.1);  // 5
Math.floor(4.9); // 4

Math.trunc(4.9); // 4
Math.trunc(-4.9); // -4 (Math.floor would return -5)
```

## 3. Arithmetic Methods

*   **`Math.pow(x, y)`:** Returns the value of `x` to the power of `y`.
*   **`Math.sqrt(x)`:** Returns the square root of `x`.
*   **`Math.abs(x)`:** Returns the absolute (positive) value of `x`.
*   **`Math.sign(x)`:** Returns -1, 0, or 1 depending on the sign.

```javascript
Math.pow(8, 2); // 64
Math.sqrt(64);  // 8
Math.abs(-4.7); // 4.7
```

## 4. Min and Max

`Math.min()` and `Math.max()` can be used to find the lowest or highest value in a list of arguments.

```javascript
Math.min(0, 150, 30, 20, -8, -200); // -200
Math.max(0, 150, 30, 20, -8, -200); // 150
```

## 5. Random

`Math.random()` returns a random number between 0 (inclusive), and 1 (exclusive).

```javascript
Math.random(); // e.g., 0.123456789
```

[[programming/javascript/vanilla/javascript]]
[[programming/javascript/vanilla/data-types]]